DL-Mannitol Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Diuretic Medication CAS 87-78-5 Mannitol for Antihypertensive

1.  Quick Detail:

English name: Mannitol
English Synonyms: DL-Mannitol; AI3-19511; Hexahydroxyhexane; Mannidex 16700; NSC 9256; D-Mannitol; D - (-) - Mannitol; hexitol; L-altritol
CAS: 87-78-5
EINECS No: 201-770-2
Formula: C6H14O6
MW: 182.1718
Molecular structure:

Density: 1.596g / cm3
Melting point: 167-170 ℃
Boiling point: 494.9 ° C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 292.6 ° C
Water-soluble: soluble
Vapor Pressure: 7.22E-12mmHg at 25 ° C
Appearance: white needle crystal, taste like glucose
Usage: reagents for the analysis, but also for synthetic resins and drugs

Assay: 99%min
 

2.  Descriptions:

Mannitol (also referred to as mannite or manna sugar) is a white, crystalline solid that looks and tastes sweetlike sucrose. It was originally isolated from the secretions of the flowering ash and called manna after its resemblance to the Biblical food. In plants it is used to alleviate osmotic stress. Mannitol has several industrial uses, but is mainly used to produce tablets of medicine. Its fetal safety is "C" (FDA pregnancy category: risk not ruled out) in Briggs' Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk.Mannitol is classified as a sugar alcohol; that is, it is derived from a sugar (mannose) by reduction. Other sugar alcohols include xylitol and sorbitol. Mannitol and sorbitol areisomers, the only difference being the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2.

3.  Applications:

Mannitol is used clinically in osmotherapy to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, e.g., after head trauma. It is also used to treat patients with oliguric renal failure. Mannitol can also be used as a facilitating agent for the transportation of pharmaceuticals directly into the brain. The arteries of the blood–brain barrier are much more selective than normal arteries. 

Mannitol is commonly used in the circuit prime of a heart lung machine during cardiopulmonary bypass. The presence of mannitol preserves renal function during the times of low blood flow and pressure, while the patient is on bypass. The solution prevents the swelling of endothelial cells in the kidney, which may have otherwise reduced blood flow to this area and resulted in cell damage.

Mannitol is also the basis of Bronchitol which was developed by the Australian pharmaceutical company Pharmaxis as a treatment for cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The mannitol is orally inhaled as a dry powder through what is known as an osmohaler and osmotically draws water into the lungs to thin the thick, sticky mucus characteristic of cystic fibrosis. This is intended to make it easier for the sufferer to cough the mucus up during physiotherapy. 

Mannitol is also the first drug of choice for the treatment of acute glaucoma in veterinary medicine. It is administered as a 20% solution IV. It dehydrates the vitreous humor and, therefore, lowers the intraocular pressure. However, it requires an intact blood-ocular barrier to work.

Mannitol can also be used to temporarily encapsulate a sharp object (such as a helix on a lead for an artificial pacemaker) while it is passed through the venous system. Because the mannitol dissolves readily in blood, the sharp point will become exposed at its destination.

Mannitol may be administered in cases of severe Ciguatera poisoning. Severe ciguatoxin, or "tropical fish poisoning" can produce stroke-like symptoms.

Mannitol is the primary ingredient of Mannitol Salt Agar, a bacterial growth medium, and is used in others.

Mannitol acts as an osmotic laxative in oral doses larger than 20 g and is sometimes sold as a laxative for children.

The use of mannitol, when inhaled, as a bronchial irritant as an alternative method of diagnosis of exercise induced asthma has been proposed. A 2013 systematic review concluded there is insufficient evidence to support its use for this purpose at this time.

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